TerminologyAnalytics Glossary
Clear, plain-English definitions of every web analytics term you need to know.
Page Views
A page view is recorded every time a visitor loads a page on your website. If the same person visits your homepage three times in one day, that counts as three page views. Page views are the most fundamental web analytics metric and give you a raw measure of how much traffic your site receives. In Crafty Meerkat, page views are tracked using a lightweight, under-2KB script that fires a single event per page load — no cookies required.
Unique Visitors
Unique visitors represent the number of distinct individuals who visit your website during a given time period. Unlike page views, unique visitors are deduplicated — if one person visits your site five times in a day, they count as one unique visitor but five page views. Crafty Meerkat identifies unique visitors using privacy-friendly fingerprint hashing rather than cookies, so your visitor counts remain accurate without storing personal data or requiring consent banners.
Sessions
A session is a group of interactions a single visitor has with your website within a defined time window. A session begins when a visitor arrives on your site and ends after a period of inactivity (typically 30 minutes). If a user visits your site, leaves for an hour, then returns, that counts as two sessions. Sessions help you understand engagement patterns — a high session count relative to unique visitors means people are coming back repeatedly.
Bounce Rate
Bounce rate is the percentage of sessions where a visitor lands on a page and leaves without interacting further — no second page view, no click, no scroll event. A high bounce rate on a blog post might be normal (people read the article and leave), but a high bounce rate on a product page could indicate a problem. Crafty Meerkat calculates bounce rate automatically and surfaces it in your dashboard so you can quickly identify pages that may need attention.
Pages Per Session
Pages per session measures the average number of pages a visitor views during a single session. A higher pages-per-session value generally indicates strong engagement and good internal linking. For example, if your site averages 3.2 pages per session, visitors are typically exploring beyond their landing page. This metric helps you evaluate your site navigation, content strategy, and overall user experience.
Average Session Duration
Average session duration is the mean amount of time visitors spend on your site during a single session. It is calculated by dividing total session time across all sessions by the number of sessions. Longer session durations typically suggest that visitors find your content valuable and engaging. Crafty Meerkat tracks this without persistent cookies by correlating page events within a session window.
Referrers / Traffic Sources
A referrer (or traffic source) tells you where your visitors came from before arriving at your site. Common referrers include search engines like Google, social media platforms like Twitter or LinkedIn, other websites that link to you, and email campaigns. Understanding your traffic sources helps you allocate marketing budget and effort to the channels that drive the most valuable traffic. Crafty Meerkat breaks down referrers in your dashboard with real-time data.
Direct Traffic
Direct traffic refers to visits where no referrer information is available. This typically happens when someone types your URL directly into their browser, clicks a bookmark, or follows a link from a non-web source like a PDF, email client, or native mobile app. Direct traffic can also include visits where the referrer header was stripped for privacy reasons. A high percentage of direct traffic usually indicates strong brand recognition.
UTM Parameters
UTM parameters are tags you add to the end of a URL to track where your traffic comes from. There are three primary UTM parameters: utm_source identifies the platform (e.g., "google", "newsletter"), utm_medium identifies the channel type (e.g., "cpc", "email", "social"), and utm_campaign identifies the specific campaign (e.g., "spring-sale", "product-launch"). For example, a URL like yoursite.com/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=launch tells Crafty Meerkat exactly which campaign drove that visit. UTM tracking is built into every Crafty Meerkat plan.
Scroll Depth
Scroll depth measures how far down a page a visitor scrolls, expressed as a percentage. If a visitor scrolls halfway through your blog post, their scroll depth is 50%. This metric is invaluable for content creators — it tells you whether people are actually reading your full article or dropping off after the introduction. Low scroll depth on important pages may indicate that your content needs restructuring or that key information should be moved higher on the page.
Time on Page
Time on page measures how long a visitor spends on a specific page before navigating away or closing the tab. This differs from session duration, which covers the entire visit. Time on page helps you understand which content resonates most with your audience. A blog post with an average time on page of 4 minutes suggests people are reading thoroughly, while a 10-second average might indicate the content does not match visitor expectations.
Geolocation
Geolocation in web analytics refers to identifying the geographic location of your visitors, typically at the country or city level. This data is derived from IP address lookups and does not require cookies or personal data collection. Crafty Meerkat shows you a geographic breakdown of your traffic so you can understand where your audience is located, optimize content for specific regions, and make informed decisions about localization, ad targeting, and server placement.
Device Type
Device type categorizes your visitors by the type of device they use to access your site — desktop, mobile, or tablet. Understanding your device breakdown is critical for prioritizing responsive design, optimizing page speed, and tailoring user experiences. If 70% of your traffic comes from mobile devices, ensuring a fast, mobile-friendly experience should be a top priority. Crafty Meerkat also reports on browsers and operating systems for deeper technical insights.
Top Pages
Top pages is a ranking of your most-visited pages by page view count. This report helps you identify your highest-performing content, understand what attracts visitors, and prioritize optimization efforts. Your top pages often include your homepage, popular blog posts, and key product or landing pages. In Crafty Meerkat, the top pages view updates in real time so you can see trending content as it happens.
Exit Pages
Exit pages are the last pages visitors view before leaving your site. While every session has an exit page, some pages have disproportionately high exit rates. Identifying these pages helps you understand where visitors lose interest or complete their journey. A high exit rate on a "thank you" page after a form submission is expected and healthy, but a high exit rate on a pricing page might indicate friction in your conversion funnel.
Conversion
A conversion occurs when a visitor completes a desired action on your website — signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, downloading a resource, or filling out a contact form. Conversion rate is the percentage of visitors (or sessions) that result in a conversion. Tracking conversions helps you measure the effectiveness of your marketing efforts, landing pages, and overall user experience. Crafty Meerkat supports conversion tracking through custom events.
Cookieless Tracking
Cookieless tracking is an approach to web analytics that does not store cookies on the visitor's device. Traditional analytics tools like Google Analytics rely on cookies to identify returning visitors, which raises privacy concerns and requires cookie consent banners under regulations like GDPR. Crafty Meerkat uses cookieless tracking by default — visitor identification is handled through privacy-friendly fingerprint hashing that does not persist across sessions or store personal data. This means no cookie banners, no consent pop-ups, and full compliance with privacy regulations.
Session ID / Fingerprint Hashing
Fingerprint hashing is a technique used to identify unique visitors without storing cookies. Crafty Meerkat generates a one-way hash from non-personal attributes (such as a combination of IP address, user agent, and a daily rotating salt) to create a temporary session identifier. This hash cannot be reversed to identify an individual, is not stored on the visitor's device, and rotates daily so visitors cannot be tracked across days. This approach balances accurate analytics with strong privacy protection.
Privacy-First Analytics
Privacy-first analytics is a philosophy and approach to web analytics that prioritizes visitor privacy by design. Rather than collecting as much data as possible and then trying to protect it, privacy-first tools like Crafty Meerkat collect only what is necessary for useful analytics. This means no cookies, no personal data collection, no cross-site tracking, and no data sharing with third parties. Your visitors get a better experience (no consent banners), and you get cleaner, more accurate data.
GDPR / CCPA Compliance
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is a European Union law that governs how personal data is collected, stored, and processed. CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act) provides similar protections for California residents. Both regulations require explicit consent before tracking visitors with cookies and impose strict rules on data handling. Because Crafty Meerkat uses cookieless tracking and does not collect personal data, it is compliant with both GDPR and CCPA by design — no consent banners required, no data processing agreements needed.